Oscar Wilde
Poet, Playwright
BornOct 16, 1854 3:00 AM GMT-4E-1
Dublin, Ireland [53°20'00", -6°15'00"]
Birth time source: Unconfirmed
Ayanamsa: -21°49'34"
Planets,
Signs,
Nakshatras
Lagna in Leo 19°39'03"
Leo in the Ascendant bestows a regal appearance, as if the life force is vibrating from every part of your body. You have a broad face with strong bones and beautiful and expressive eyes. You may be a possessive parent, egotistical and selfish in temperament, and a braggart. You are excessively libidinous, but not necessarily promiscuous. You are not satisfied with the material heights you attains and are always aspiring towards greater intellect, greater wealth, greater status, and greater respectability. Often you think you have achieved more than you really have; nevertheless, you are never satisfied, for you think you deserve more than you have received. You always strive to reach the top of the mountain.
You are basically materialistic, but like to assume that you are spiritually highly evolved. Involvement in work is intense and whole-hearted. You may be seen working adroitly on the subtle problems of life, whether related to physical sciences, psychology, or to concrete and technological problems in engineering, industry or economics. It is not the subject matter that is significant: Your complete involvement in whatever you undertake is of supreme importance to you. In that pursuit, your engagement of effort is total.
There is a suddenness in your actions, which gives you an element of surprise and unpredictability. However involved you may seem in a pursuit or relationship, you can suddenly end it. You are loyal friends, but that friendship can end suddenly. To some people, you may seem ungrateful. The world exists only for your convenience and the satisfaction of your desires. In your social relationships, contradiction and self-aggrandizement seem to predominate.
You may find married life difficult. Your spouse is very calculating and self centered, which are some of Leo's traits as well. Compatibility becomes difficult. In such circumstances, you often act in a clandestine manner, concealing certain aspects of your life. You do not trust others; equal partnership is not a common factor in your life. This placement gives rise to wealth in mutual combination.
The Sun is Lord of the Ascendant, Mercury Lord of wealth and Mars is of course Yoga Karaka. Thus all the three planets have acquired some power or other to do good. It will be seen that the Sun, Mercury and Mars play an important role in case of persons born under Leo Ascendant, while other planets will be able to do some good under certain special conditions.
One born in this Ascendant will be fond of eating meat and enjoying worldly enjoyments, will earn wealth and honor through the government, will be bereft of religion, dutiful in family affairs, hold a high rank of office, be majestic, strong, bold, be a miser, will trouble others, will wander in hills and forests and speak sparingly, be irascible, firm in friendship, careless, inaccessible (or inviolable), will destroy his enemies, have famous sons, honor the virtuous, will be rich through agriculture etc., be interested in business and will spend heavily on prostitutes and dancers. Spouse will suffer dental diseases.,
Lagna in Lunar Mansion '11 Purva Phalguni-2'
The Star ruling your Ascendant or Moon is Purva Phalguni.
Physical features: you have an attractive personality, and a stout body with mixed color. Frequent sweating, and a snubbed nose are indicated. Character and general events: you like full freedom. It is seen that you become famous in one field or another. However, your mind may be full of disturbances over one or the other matter. You have inherent intuitive powers to know the problems of other people. Hence, even before the help is requested for, you extend a helping hand to the needy. You will possess sweet speech and are fond of traveling.
Education, sources of earning/profession: you choose not to be a slave to anyone. Because of this quality, it is quite often noticed that you will not take up a job which involves subordination in its true meaning. There is a drawback in you that cannot be a 'yes master' even to your boss in the case of employment. You are not in a position to derive much benefit from your superiors. You want to be sincere in all the work you undertake. Neither can you be a party to any illegal activities nor have the power of tolerance to see such activities. This condition of your mind may drag you into several complications in life, but you are ready to face such problems. You do not like to get any benefit at the cost of others. You may have several hidden enemies. Hence, such enemies stand as a main obstacle in your progress. However, you are able to subdue such enemies and attain much success in all the work you undertake. You enjoy power. You give preference to position and authority rather than money.
You pursue a righteous path of progress and may devote your valuable time for such a cause. Even though you are able and intelligent you cannot necessarily reach the place of your dreams. It does not mean though that you will not rise in life. In the employment field, you will frequently change your job, particularly at the age of 22, 27, 30, 32,37 and 44 years. You will attain the requisite position only after your 45th year of age. While you do not want others' money you may be frequently in trouble in the financial matters because of others. In other words, borrowers may not return the money to you. In spite of all the adverse positions mentioned above you will, after your 45th year of age, reach a good position where power and authority vests in you. In the business field you can shine well.
Family life: your married life will be happy. You will have a good spouse and children and also derive much happiness from them. In some cases it has been noticed that you may not marry the person of your choice. You will lead a life away from your birthplace and other family members.
Health: your health will generally be good. However, you may be prone to dental disease or digestive disorders. Even so, no permanent nature of disease is noticed.
Sun in Libra 0°36'29"
This brings the following general characteristics, which get modified by specific aspects and other placements in your chart: The Sun is fallen in this sign. This is not good for the things the Sun controls. This placement might bring frustrations, losses, much travel, expenditures, moving out of distress and meanness. You will live by selling gold and other metals. You have no affection, are jealousy, are doing others' jobs, have extra marital affairs, are dirty and lazy, may incur wrath from the government and be shameless. These negative effects may come and go at different times. There are positions of other planets which can counter these bad effects also. Nevertheless, this position gives you some of these challenges to overcome in this life.
Sun in Libra with Leo ascendent
You will suffer from many physical ailments and will not be outspoken. It will be difficult to measure your depth.
You may be greatly handicapped in many ways. Your relatives will be demanding, and you may have to support them. You will be reserved by temperament and will lack courage to take the initiative in any enterprise.
Sun in 3rd House
Sun in the third house generally destroys harmony with ones siblings. This is because you have universal interests, and can therefore not focus on the things your brothers and sisters focused on while you matured. You have wider vision. In terms of consciousness, this may cause you to leave the nest you grew up with.
This Sun also gives you diligence, perseverance, forbearance, culture, perfection, etc. You like cultured partners, but this Sun gives distaste for sex in general. You are fond of high-minded associations, or the rich. Your Sun makes you strong and glorious. You suffer at the hands of your equals, brothers or associates. You may go on holy pilgrimage. You tend to prevail when confronted. The elder brother or sister, if there is one, may shine in some way.
This Sun is good, making you healthy, wealthy and wise. It adds to being liked by others, kind, modest and a leader. Your Sun causes trouble to the brothers and sisters, or there might not be any, especially elder brothers may be lacking. It adds to being liked and good-looking and a conqueror. It also helps with intelligence, fame, success in litigations and eloquence.
Sun in Lunar Mansion '14 Chitra-3'
You will possess an effeminate physical appearance. You will be highly learned and may be a priest or person looking after the welfare of religiosity.
Moon in Cancer 23°00'35"
You are industrious, but sensitive to surroundings, affluent, brave, short but set, devoted to preceptor and mother and fond of traveling. Your life is full of struggles and obstacles, you are sociable, have strong feelings and emotions terminating into poetry or music, deal in liquids, chemicals and stay near water. You are short-tempered and might suffer from headaches. You are fortunate, valorous, endowed with nice residences, have friends, go on journeys, have astrological knowledge, are sensuous, grateful, an advisor, truthful, live abroad, are passionate, have a hairy body, are fond of water and flowers, interested in construction of houses and other necessities of nice living.
Moon in Cancer with Leo ascendent
The Moon in this position enables you to earn much money. There are problems arising primarily from unhappiness in married life and difficulties in social adjustment, leads you into unethical practices.
Moon in 12th House
Having Moon in the 12th house encourages some worldly engagements, which lead to worldly reactions. Pleasures of sex, the arts, dabbling in various subjects without a sincere desire to find truth, and so on, lead to the kinds of unwanted displeasures that come to us all to different degrees.
You have the Moon (mind-significator) in the 12th house (liberation from worldly entanglement). Thus, your mind spends time thinking about how to liberate yourself and others from worldly entanglements. Yet, you keenly feel a large set of restrictions or confining forces, which are not necessarily bad. Therefore, this is a suitable position for doctors, lawyers, and people of religious orders. You can keep secrets.
You love occult things, mystery, romance, and deep things. However, you may lack firmness and stability in character. You may have trouble in one eye, be frugal, and distrusted by others. Others may see you as suspect. There may be loss of wealth, and disputes in the family. You turn to addictions for comfort. Look for these indications during Moon-ruled periods.
You suffer anxiety from 'enemies' or 'opposition'. You are a philanthropist. You are not attached to the opposite sex in general, or at some point it becomes important that you give up that attachment. You have unfulfilled desires. You undo yourself at times, i.e. you subvert your own life with your own thinking, which may or may not be a bad thing. You sometimes feel dejected after love-making. You may have problems with addictions of some type, not necessarily bad ones, but some type.
Moon in the 12th causes damage to the left eye, or the eyes on general suffer. You have a hard time maintaining your morals, and your health. There may be some question regarding your birth. The relatives of your parents are annoying to you. You may have to move in order to escape some botheration. The appetite is weakened by this Moon, who also indicates that you are deprived of good food, incur wasteful expenditure, will be of angry nature, unhappy and will not be liked by others.
Moon in Lunar Mansion '9 Ashlesha-2'
The Star ruling your Ascendant or Moon is Ashlesha.
Character and general events: you will have difficulty showing gratitude. You may be of a duplicitous nature. You will possess the gift of intriguing speech. You have the qualifications of a leader, possibly as a politician. You will be very intelligent. There is also an indication of being soft spoken and meek. But your external shyness may be misunderstood by others as arrogance. You are not easily swayed by others. Be cautious of this trait when dealing with those of questionable character. You do not keep any distinction between rich or poor, good or bad.
You work well independently and would be suited towards managerial positions. You are not of a cheating nature, but are often mistaken by others. You have difficulty distinguishing between those who are truly in need and those who are not. You enjoy being recognized for your good deeds. You will be lucky and popular, but have difficulty controlling your temper. You may lose it at inappropriate times and remain silent when it may be necessary. You will have difficulty enjoying your fortune, mainly due to poor association. You will be the recipient of anonymous donations.
Education, sources of income/profession: you may have your education in arts or commerce. In the professional field, you will get speedy promotions and sudden reversals. A heavy loss of money at the age of 35 or36 is indicated and unexpected and unearned income when you are 40 years old.
Family life: you will have to shoulder much of the family responsibilities, due mainly to your being the eldest. You may experience some miscommunication with your spouse in the realm of finances.
Health: you may suffer from intestinal disorders. Be aware of addictive tendencies with intoxication.
General results of being born in Ashlesha Nakshatra: you will possess the quality of a penetrating glare.
You will have difficulty saving large amounts of money. Be mindful of serious curable and preventable diseases.
Mars in Scorpio 12°00'18"
Industrious, practical, scientific in approach, firm and positive, indifferent to others. Diplomatic. Successful chemist, result oriented; sudden or violent accidents. Trouble through service. Attached to trade, interested in higher knowledge, a leader of those who buck authority (not necessarily a bad quality), skillful in duties, interested in war, highly self-willed, will do big deviations in the minds of others, unafraid of enemies or authorities, betrays friends, likes to be direct and unafraid, unhelpful, a liar if necessary, endowed with land, children, spouse, and troubled by poison, fire, weapons and wounds. Good for involvement in law enforcement and military or other regimented and goal oriented engagements.
Mars in Scorpio with Leo ascendent
Mars in Scorpio is useful for gaining personal power, property, and leadership in one's community. Even though you are devotional and calculating, you shun social associations and parties, and may have a cold or distant relationship with your marriage partner. You may be involved in a leadership position in the community. Perhaps gains of personal power and property will come your way.
Mars in 4th House
Mars precipitates the impact of past karmic deeds, especially those of an adverse nature. Ordinarily, Mars is a planet of selfishness, greed and rash action, which, in the long run, catches up with you in the form of physical or psychological problems. Mars creates impatience, impulsiveness and self-centeredness, unless it receives auspicious aspects or is in exaltation or in its own sign. As a result, you may be considered cruel, inflexible and covetous by nature. Under such circumstances, Mars may produce affliction for the mother, loss of property, dependence on manual labor to earn a livelihood and constant movement from one place to another. Generally, you are not born into a respectable family, are abandoned by siblings, favor bad company and involve yourself in tawdry sexual affairs. You earn your living by serving bad people. Don't expect much gain through friends and relatives. You are apprehensive of enemies, get government favor, doles of clothes and fabric through the rich. Mars in this house denotes quarrels with parents, disputes in family, unpleasant domestic affairs leading to misunderstandings and strife. NOTE: Understand that this is a negative Mars placement, as Mars by its nature is not very compatible with the nature of the sensitive fourth house, and take the things mentioned in here as areas to look to for these impacts, but not necessarily as 'drastically' as they are described.
Mars in Lunar Mansion '17 Anuradha-3'
You may set your mind on sensual enjoyment and enjoy the favor of rich friends. You are attractive, pleasant, loved by your parents, and wealthy.
Mercury in Libra 21°29'01"
Your deeper thinking capacity or intelligence is well suited for various types of business. You are balanced or large-hearted or in other words, caring about the entire society.
Mercury in Libra with Leo ascendent
Fond of traveling and social relationships. You will have helpful siblings and colleagues and will earn well.
Mercury in 3rd House
Mercury in the third house indicates a strong link with family. There may be some provincialism and probably a more selfish approach. You want to enjoy life and will achieve your objectives one way or the other. During the period of Rahu, you become timid and somewhat timid during Mercury's periods. The third house should be strong for good and successful speakers, poets, astrologers and writers etc. You are successful if you can clearly express feelings and ideas. This Mercury makes you a matchless doctor or judge. Writing, printing or publishing is gainful. If this Mercury is strong, you get good luck at age 24; if it is of medium strength, at age 30 and if malefic at age 36. You are fond of learning. You want to know about available approaches to sacred knowledge. You are cheerful, alert, watchful, inquisitive and love to write and speak. You befriend business people, learn their trade, and then going for it on your own, very expertly, you earn by clever thinking. You are courteous. You can be a lustful or renouncing spirit. You have clingy relatives. You are sometimes controlled by others with whom you have money related dealings or entanglements. In old age you become detached from worldly affairs. You gain through brothers.
Mercury in Lunar Mansion '16 Vishakha-1'
Jupiter in Sagittarius 27°28'48"
Serious, sincere and simple, lovable, helping, fortunate, successful, much independent thinking and leadership, dominating, enterprising. Gains after marriage, through legacy. Loss through speculation and game of chance. One marriage, but many affairs.
Jupiter in Sagittarius with Leo ascendent
Children after great difficulty. Incomplete education.
You will be directing the expression of the life essence to higher levels of existence. You will have children only after experiencing considerable difficulties. Your education will be sound, and your interests will be primarily directed towards those subjects which improve the spiritual quality of life.
Jupiter in 5th House
Jupiter inspires and urges the individual to be religious, respectable, friendly and helpful. The planet has a special affinity with this house, though its placement here is not favorable for children.
Its influence is on the higher levels of human existence: Jupiter will make you spiritually oriented, a follower of religious observances, inspired to study sacred writings, engaged in imparting wisdom to others, and interested in life after death.
You are well-educated and have good understanding of classical literature and the sacred sciences. Your children will be well-protected and will earn renown. Jupiter is a death significator of the maternal grandfather when it is in the 5th house.
You get wealth and conveyances through many sources and are of sweet and polite nature. It indicates some trouble for the maternal in-laws in the 7th year. You are scholarly, glorious and influential, but receive little help or support from your sons in old age. There will be trouble at the time of gain. You are rich and a leader of your own community. You have obedient children, get gain and success through the opposite sex, through places of amusement, centers of cultural activities, schools, speculation and investment.
You are sensual, love pleasure and ease, are an eloquent speaker and most imaginative, a logician or an impressive writer-author. Your son is helpful, your possessions ordinary, and there will be trouble in accomplishment. You are sensuous, rational in speech, skilled, thriving, charming, wise, prosperous, affluent, accomplished, steady, adored by veterans, prudent, blessed with sons and adored amongst your many friends.
You are wise, pure of mind, religious, kind, generous, thriving, charming, polite, well-dressed, have large eyes, are vocal, influential, charitable, affectionate and excel in linguistics, economics and philosophy. You have knowledge of several sciences and could be successful as a teacher, lecturer, director or minister.
Jupiter in Lunar Mansion '21 Uttara Ashadha-1'
Venus in Virgo 16°07'17"
Sober, tense, sympathetic, helpful, young, polite, artistic, financially tight, the first partner is possibly not so nice. More daughters than sons. Gains through medicine, food products, experimental farming, gardening and speculation.
Venus in Virgo with Leo ascendent
Wealth is accrued through public relations jobs. You are extremely interested in human relationships. You become well-connected through your relations. Your speech is very pleasant. However, you lack initiative and spend your time in wasteful activities.
Venus in 2nd House
Venus in the second house bestows deep wisdom and a fondness of good food and dairy products. You may acquire wealth through the opposite sex and experience a loosening of the morals, perhaps due to your attachment to eating indulgences. Venus in the 2nd tends to make poets and causes you to use amiable and cheering speech.
You have a sharp and religious mind. You like to have the best at home, and your family life is full of culture and traditions. You like to have a number of nice clothes to choose from. Soft-spoken, learned, amorous, artistic and lustful. Wealth comes through various sources. You are well-informed, impressive in assembly, respected by relatives or truly good leaders, celebrated, skilled, protective, devoted to religious preceptors and grateful.
You get rich foods and drinks, and have knowledge of various sciences. Your overall Karma vehicle should be good. You get wealth by appropriation of others wealth. Gain through silver or glass trade.
Venus in Lunar Mansion '13 Hasta-2'
You may be married twice. You may show more interest in other individuals than in your own spouse.
Saturn in Taurus 23°45'36"
You have connections with older things for pleasure, such as antiques, ancient customs or cultures, older spouses, and so on. You are not easily contented, because the desires are unattainable. Because you feel restrictions arise mainly out of society's typical understanding of happy family life, you are compassionate on others troubles, which you see all around you. You try to restrain the presence of what you see as 'typical happy home life' in yourself. You try to make it more 'true' and 'more focused on higher principles'.
Saturn in Taurus with Leo ascendent
You may be drawn towards occultism in the true sense of the word. Your attainment in this field will be very high, but you will not display it to the world at large. You will be detached from everything external and material. You will be a great traveler and will consider the whole world your home. You will give comfort to others, but your life will seem barren, indigent, and full of hardships if measured only with the yardstick of material success.
Saturn in 10th House
Saturn, with its tremendous power to annihilate old worlds and create new ones, provides a detachment in worldly matters which nevertheless has constructive and creative capabilities. You may be drawn more towards the abstract sense of justice, the underlying or hidden order beneath external manifestation, and even towards the complete destruction of the existing world order. You would make a good surgeon, engineer, social reformer, scientist or butcher. Moving from one place to another or from one job to another, you do so without knowing why but act from an unseen motivation. You are often a leader or a great thinker, but sometimes may be considered a little crazy in your ideas. Saturn indicates power, pride, ambition and lust for material and worldly gain. You have a hard life, gaining your livelihood slowly, by your own means. You win in war. You may misuse the judicial and administrative power when granted under the influence of this Saturn or you may take up the profession as a judge or treasurer. Separation of parents in childhood is indicated or you may grow and learn without the help of your parents. You are denied patrimony. You might become a senior district officer, are interested in agriculture, an advisor, gallant, and reputed. You have good discrimination and are an intelligent commander. Your attendants are affectionate and loyal. You maintain status in foreign land, and are fearless and proud. If Saturn is in the 10th house you may be vile, poor, cruel, fickle, greedy, bilious, a liar and unskilled.
Saturn in Lunar Mansion '5 Mrigashira-1'
You will be tall with narrow chest, curly hair and black complexion if living in a hot country or reddish colored skin if living in a in cold country. You will be bereft of wealth. You may be attracted to those who are older than you and be sexually active in a way that is looked down upon by others. Your health during childhood may be sporadic. You are prone to toothaches or some other dental problems.
Rahu in Taurus 0°48'42"
Rahu in Taurus with Leo ascendent
Rahu attains its exaltation, thereby bestowing all that is good and auspicious in this shadowy planet. The greatest contribution it makes is to enlighten you spiritually. You could be a very just arbitrator, an efficient healer, and a great traveler. Your external life is very simple, but your inner life is rich and full.
Rahu in 10th House
Your mission in life is for furthering some special cause in the world. Depending on your status in society and the planetary combinations, this special mission may be predicted, but the real impulse of this shadowy planet will be to make you dedicated to a cause which you will want to carry forward even at the risk of life, status, or health.
Undaunted by any difficulty, undeterred by any impediment, you will persist with a sense of dedication, whether you are waging a war of complete annihilation, reconstructing a social order, or composing verses of celestial beauty and harmony. Rahu achieves its objective despite whatever hardships it has to undergo. Its impulse produces persons of great merit, devotion, and religious susceptibilities. With inauspicious associations and influences Rahu can, however, make you disturbed and instill evil ideas in your head.
Rahu in the 10th gives rise to Raja Yoga during his own periods. Danger to mother at age 32, to father, at age 7 and to patrimony at age 8 is indicated. You get public honor and respect at age 42. Name, fame, and status through hard work and skill are indicated. You are connected with spouses who are disrespected due to their service, and might experience loss of land, wealth, and health. You feel inclined towards some type of disrespected poetry. You might residence in a backward village.
Your Rahu denotes that you may be so fortunate as to visit the sacred holy places in this lifetime. You might be clever, a thief, malicious, characterless, quarrelsome, sensual, dishonest, brave, wise, wealthy, chattering, miserable, fearful, inert, indifferent, unfortunate, helpful, live abroad, and are unsteady, and vicious. You have few sons. Danger from conveyances and danger and trouble for parents and brothers is indicated.
You are a manager, advisor or chief of a group. (Note: Rahu is in charge of a number of not so good qualities. The 10th is an important house. These things may only appear in thoughts, and they might not necessarily manifest, but this depends on the overall strength of the chart.)
You are sensual, extravagant, affluent, a winner, fickle, fond of poetry and drama, competition or confrontation, migratory, and successful in business. Rahu makes you a bit of an intoxicator, or wrong doer at times, and causes sleeplessness, living or working with foreigners, and sex with choice partners.
You find comfort and pleasure in the company of irreligious people, are discontented with own relatives or father, fall in love with divorced or separated persons, or persons from disturbed love affairs. You get support from strong persons, and are clever but tense. These things may be connected to career as the 10th rules career.
Rahu in Lunar Mansion '3 Krittika-2'
You are inclined to spiritualism. You suffer loss of wealth and children and have more than one companion. You earn your livelihood in foreign lands and might lead a life of begging.
Ketu in Scorpio 0°48'42"
Ketu in Scorpio with Leo ascendent
You may become unbalanced, detached from social relationships, and at worst may even harbor criminal tendencies.
Ketu in 4th House
This Ketu can have a strong influence on life in the following way: It sometimes renders the mind unbalanced, disturbs social relationships and makes personal life difficult. Ketu manifests itself in the psychology of an individual rather than on the material conditions of life. Placed in the 4th house indicates that full support and help from the mother may have not been present. Often you are away from home, and when you are home, there is some strife. Ketu holds things back and upsets things.
The fourth house stands for mother, the heart, home life, real estate and emotional comfort. These particular issues in your life may have some troublesome aspects. You may find that you are not quite able to surrender your heart to something you feel pretty good about. Reservations for no reason may appear, for example. This will be Ketu acting, just to test your resolve to make you feel convinced and sure of what you do.
Ketu in the 4th may indicate that the mother holds back from giving to you for some reason, or that inheritance from her side is withheld. You leave the 'mother's home' early, and you are of the nervous type. In an assembly of persons, you may sometimes be looked down on, or not seen as equal to the others. Some kind of stigma is there. But you are valiant, truth loving, soft and sweet. Watch for an overly critical nature and unpleasantness with the parents.
Ketu in the 4th indicates that you may have a hard time getting or keeping real estate. Land and property may become a confusing issue at times - you may not know what to do about a piece of property in a Ketu ruled period for example. People may consider you in contempt. Ketu makes you thin and fiery. There will be some jeopardy of the honor of yourself or family. There might also be much strife or discord in the family background, especially coming from the mother's side.
Ketu in Lunar Mansion '16 Vishakha-4'
You may behave in a loud, voracious way and keep similar company.
Uranus in Aries 23°43'19"
Uranus in Aries with Leo ascendent
Uranus in 9th House
Uranus in Lunar Mansion '2 Bharani-4'
Neptune in Aquarius 21°45'20"
Neptune in Aquarius with Leo ascendent
Neptune in 7th House
Neptune in Lunar Mansion '25 Purva Bhadrapada-1'
Pluto in Aries 11°05'24"
Pluto in Aries with Leo ascendent
Pluto in 9th House
Pluto in Lunar Mansion '1 Ashwini-4'